Regulation in the UK

The effectiveness of regulatory framework of magazines (UK)

Theory of Regulation - Livingstone and Hunt

• This theory is about the rise of power of global media coportations, in which convergent media technologies has placed traditional approaches to media difficult.
• IPSO regulates the British magazines and newspapers.
• It has changed since 1964, as beliefs on what's acceptable and what's not has changed, e.g, sexism.
• There are laws around privacy obscenity (when something is deemed as not acceptable morally) however there is a grey-area in this, particually in regulation.

Conde Nast Traveller Print advert and the Culitvation theory - Gerbner

• The cultivation theroy is when the media warps and cultivates the audience's perception of reality. The more the audience sees something in particular in media, the more they believe that it is normal.
• In the Conde Nast Traveller advert, which was feautured in the magazine Glamour, however it was reported as the woman looked 'unhealthily thin'.
• The ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) questioned whether the advert was 'socially responsible' deemed by watchdogs.
• The advert was then banned.

Oz Magazine Scandal

• The Oz magazine was first published in the late 1960's, early 70's. It is also originally Australian but then moved to Britain. 
• The magazine faced the longest obscenity trials in the UK for featuring a sexually explicit cartoon parody of Rupert the Bear, which was aimed for children.
• The editors of the magazine were charged, (Richard Neville, Jim Anderson and Felix Dennis) for conspiring school children to having corrupt morals.
• They were set free for the conspiracy but still jailed for two minor offences, to then eventually to be released from prison.
• The legal fight for the magazine showed a shift in 1960's British society, questions to authority in whether they controlled what people saw or whether people decided to see it or not.
• The magazine also faced obscenity trials in Australia, for controversial topics at the time such as, censorship, homosexuality, police brutality and Australia's policies.

Reception theory - Hall

• Preferred reading.
• Negotiated reading.
• Oppositional reading.